Can a Robot Pursue the Good? Exploring Artificial Moral Agency
نویسنده
چکیده
In this essay I will explore an understanding of the potential moral agency of robots, arguing that the key characteristics of physical embodiment, adaptive learning, empathy in action, and a teleology toward the good are the primary necessary components for a machine to become a moral agent. In this context, other possible options will be rejected as necessary for moral agency, including simplistic notions of intelligence, computational power, and rule-following, complete freedom, a sense of God, and an immaterial soul. I argue that it is likely that such moral machines may be able to be built, and that this does not diminish humanity or human personhood. Three (or Four) Laws and a Moral Turing Test “I want to develop robotic cars because I’m a terrible driver.” -D, a programmer, on Google’s self-driving car initiative i “Fear and hysteria are always latent in combat, often real, and they press us toward fearful measures and criminal behavior. Autonomous agents need not suffer similarly.” Ronald Arkin, Governing Lethal Behavior in Autonomous Robots ii Science fiction lore is filled with narratives of “the machines” rising up, sometimes to aid humanity, though more often to conquer it. Within these stories, from HAL in 2001: A Space Odyssey to the cylons
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